Southern Ontario: School Bus Cancellations and Closures for Monday, November 10, 2025

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Cancellation & Closure Map (English Public and Catholic Schools)

Please note: School board boundaries are a rough estimate. Don’t use this map to determine what school board or weather zone you live in as accuracy isn’t guaranteed.

  • Green = No Cancellations

  • Red = Cancellations (Click for More Details)

  • Purple = School Closures (Click for More Details)

List of Cancellations & Closures

English Public and Catholic Schools

  • Kawartha Pine Ridge Public & Peterborough Victoria Northumberland Clarington Catholic: Due to storm aftermath and reported slippery/icy road conditions all transportation is cancelled today for Northumberland, Clarington, Peterborough City and County.

  • Renfrew County Public & Renfrew County Catholic: Zone 4 Madawaska area transportation services ONLY are cancelled due to road conditions.

  • Tri-Board: Transportation is cancelled in Tri-Board’s Lennox & Addington, Frontenac, and Kingston weather zones today.

French Schools

  • Conseil des écoles publiques de l’Est de l’Ontario (CEPEO): Transportation is cancelled for Kingston

  • Conseil des écoles catholiques de langue française du Centre-Est: Transportation is cancelled for Kingston

  • Conseil catholique MonAvenir: Busses are cancelled for Peterborough

Snow Squalls Could Bury Parts of Southern Ontario’s Snowbelt in Up to 50cm of Snow Early This Week

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As much of Southern Ontario cleans up after our first widespread snowfall of the season, Mother Nature is showing no signs of slowing down. The lake effect snow machine is roaring to life over Lake Huron and Georgian Bay as we kick off the second week of November.

Snow squalls have already developed south of Lake Huron late Sunday evening and are expected to strengthen through the night. We’re also anticipating some squall development along the southern shoreline of Georgian Bay, which should organize by Monday afternoon or evening.

Two main regions are likely to see the most intense activity. The first stretches between Sarnia and London, while the second includes areas south of Georgian Bay from Blue Mountain and Meaford toward the west of Barrie. Both zones could see heavy snow squalls lasting through to Tuesday morning.

While snowfall totals will vary significantly across short distances, confidence is increasing that the hardest hit areas could see as much as 25 to 50cm by the time the squalls taper off on Tuesday. Localized pockets may even exceed 50cm, depending on where the heaviest bands set up.

Road conditions are expected to deteriorate quickly in these regions, with road and highway closures likely late Monday and into early Tuesday when the most intense squalls occur. Travel should be avoided unless absolutely necessary, as these bands can produce sudden whiteouts, making it nearly impossible to see the road ahead.

ESTIMATED AIR TEMPS AROUND 1.5KM ABOVE GROUND - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

This setup is being fueled by a rare November appearance of a mini “Polar Vortex” which is pulling a blast of Arctic air into Southern Ontario. This cold air is flooding the upper levels of the atmosphere and setting the stage for intense lake effect activity.

To put it simply, when forecasters talk about 850mb temperatures, we’re referring to the air temperature roughly 1.5 kilometres above the ground. This level helps forecasters understand how cold the air mass is higher up in the atmosphere, which is critical for predicting lake effect snow.

Over the next few days, 850mb temperatures are expected to plunge into the negative teens. Lake effect snow forms when there’s a large temperature difference between the lake surface and the air above it, generally 13°C or greater. With upper air temperatures between -10°C and -15°C and lake temperatures still above 10°C, that difference is more than 20°C, creating ideal conditions for lake effect snow to thrive.

hourly snowfall rates (cm) - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

As of midnight, snow has already developed off the southern shores of Lake Huron, impacting the Sarnia region. So far, the bands have been disorganized and spread out, but that’s expected to change by late Monday morning as a stronger, more focused squall forms somewhere between London and Sarnia.

While the exact placement remains uncertain, areas near Petrolia and Strathroy appear most likely to be in the direct path. The band will likely shift through the day as wind directions fluctuate, leading to varying snow intensities across nearby towns.

hourly snowfall rates (cm) - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

By Monday evening, things will really start to ramp up. The main squall off Lake Huron will likely push inland, with a more northwesterly wind direction steering it toward Grand Bend, Goderich and potentially the western edges of London. It’s still unclear if the squall will reach directly into London or remain just outside the city, but if it does, the heaviest snowfall will likely fall on the west side.

Meanwhile, snow squalls are expected to organize over Georgian Bay with heavy snow bands developing between Owen Sound and Barrie. There’s still some disagreement among models, with some focusing more on Wasaga Beach and Barrie while others favour a southern shoreline setup.

An interesting twist could occur if these Georgian Bay bands extend far enough inland to be enhanced by Lake Ontario. In that case, snow could reach into the western GTA and even the Niagara region, leading to sudden bursts of heavy snow if everything aligns.

hourly snowfall rates (cm) - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

This lake effect activity is expected to persist overnight and into Tuesday morning, though the Georgian Bay bands should weaken slightly around sunrise. West of London, however, heavy snow could continue well into Tuesday morning before breaking apart as conditions become less favourable later in the day.

As always with lake effect snow, totals are extremely difficult to pinpoint. These narrow bands can stay locked over one community for hours while completely missing another just a few kilometres away. One person may end up shovelling half a metre of snow while someone nearby barely sees a dusting.

That said, two areas consistently stand out across the latest model runs. One includes Lambton Shores, Grand Bend and Strathroy, while the other covers the southern Georgian Bay shoreline and higher terrain around Blue Mountain. These regions could see totals ranging from 25 to 50cm by Tuesday.

Surrounding communities such as Petrolia, Thamesville, St. Thomas and Lucan, along with Orangeville, Shelburne and Flesherton, are more likely to see 15 to 25cm.

Both London and Barrie sit right on the edge between lighter and heavier accumulations. We currently have them in the 5 to 15cm or 15 to 25cm zones, depending on how far east the snow squalls extend.

Finally, the Niagara region remains uncertain. If the Georgian Bay squalls stretch far enough inland and connect with Lake Ontario, parts of the region could pick up over 15cm of additional snow.

Outside of these snowbelt regions, impacts will be much less significant. A few flurries and brief bursts of snow are possible as the squalls wobble, but most areas outside the direct lake effect zones should remain relatively calm through Tuesday.

‘Snow Day’ Forecast: Southern Ontario’s First Wintery Blast May Lead to School Bus Cancellations on Monday

For an updated list of school bus cancellations & school closures, please visit our live article: https://instantweatherinc.com/article/2025/11/10/bus-cancellations

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A system swept through Southern Ontario on Sunday, bringing with it the first widespread accumulating snowfall of the season. For many, this was the first real taste of winter, and it certainly didn’t hold back. As the system pushes eastward, snow is beginning to taper off in most regions Sunday evening, though parts of Eastern Ontario will continue to see flakes fly past midnight before conditions gradually improve Monday morning.

While the timing of this system makes it less likely to cause major issues for the Monday morning commute, there is still a chance that some regions could see school bus cancellations. The main concern will be how quickly local and rural roads can be cleared before buses head out early in the morning. Road crews will be busy overnight, but areas that received the heaviest snow or where snow continues into the early hours may still be playing catch-up by dawn.

Adding to the challenge, lake effect snow is expected to fire up behind the main system as early as Monday morning and persist through Tuesday, particularly around Lake Huron and Georgian Bay. Environment Canada has issued snow squall watches for these areas, mentioning the potential for 15 to 30 cm of additional snow, with locally higher amounts possible under stronger squalls. This could lead to sudden drops in visibility and rapidly changing travel conditions.

Because of this, some school boards near the lakes may choose to cancel buses proactively, especially where snow squall watches remain in effect. However, confidence in widespread cancellations is lower at this stage since the heaviest lake effect snow isn’t expected to fully develop until later Monday morning or afternoon.

Based on the forecast and our past experience, the highest chance for a “snow day” is across rural Eastern Ontario, particularly the Frontenac region within the Tri-Board area. We’re giving this region around a 75% chance of cancellations. Snow is expected to linger longest here, and these rural routes are typically slower to clear. The rest of the Tri-Board area, along with the Upper Canada and Renfrew regions, could go either way, earning a 50% chance depending on how quickly road conditions improve by morning.

The City of Ottawa, on the other hand, is less likely to see a snow day. Urban areas tend to handle these events better, and the overall snowfall amounts aren’t expected to reach the threshold that usually triggers cancellations. Still, we’ve placed Ottawa at a 25% chance, since it’s the first major snowfall of the season and even modest totals can cause delays if cleanup efforts fall behind overnight.

Across Southwestern Ontario and the Lake Huron snowbelt, bus cancellations are also possible, especially as snow squalls intensify through the day. School boards such as LKDSB, TVDSB, AMDSB, and BWDSB could see anywhere from a 50% to 75% chance of cancellations, depending on where the lake effect bands set up. The heaviest and most persistent squalls are expected along and just inland from the shoreline, particularly around Grand Bend, Strathroy, and Petrolia. The Simcoe West and Meaford areas could also be affected by Georgian Bay lake effect activity, where we’ve assigned a 50% chance.

Outside of Eastern Ontario and the lake effect zones, the risk of a snow day drops off significantly. Most of the Golden Horseshoe, Niagara, and Southwestern Ontario should have more than enough time for roads to be cleared before the morning commute.

That said, temperatures will dip below freezing overnight, which could cause refreezing of slushy or untreated surfaces and create localized icy patches. Even where cancellations aren’t expected, drivers should plan for slower travel Monday morning.


Disclaimer: Instant Weather has zero authority when it comes to bus and school closures.

It is completely up to the school boards, bus companies, local authorities, and parents to decide what is best for their children. This is our best guess based on our forecast.

Snowy Sunday Sweeps Into Southern Ontario With First Widespread Snowfall of the Season

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While there has been a lot of uncertainty surrounding Southern Ontario’s first widespread snowfall event of the season, we’re finally starting to get a clearer picture of what will unfold on Sunday. After several model shifts over the past few days, the latest data is now coming into better alignment, giving us a more confident idea of how this system will behave.

A developing low-pressure system is expected to move in from the southwest late Saturday night, tracking across areas near Lake Erie through the day on Sunday. As it does, it will bring a broad swath of snow stretching from Windsor through the Golden Horseshoe and into Eastern Ontario. Snow is expected to last much of the day before gradually tapering off overnight.

At this stage, snowfall totals are expected to vary quite a bit across the region. The exact placement of the heaviest snow bands remains uncertain, and surface conditions will also play a big role. Since the ground is still relatively warm, some of the early snowfall may melt on contact before it can begin to accumulate, especially on roads and sidewalks.

In general, by Monday morning, snowfall totals are expected to range from around 5 to 10 cm across the Golden Horseshoe and into Eastern Ontario. Within those areas, localized pockets, particularly in Eastern Ontario, could pick up as much as 15 to 20 cm according to the latest model runs. Further north and west, across Central and Southwestern Ontario, amounts will be lower with less than 5 cm expected in most spots.

As the system departs, colder air will pour into Southern Ontario late Sunday night, sending temperatures well below freezing. Any slushy snow or water on roads, sidewalks, and driveways will freeze quickly overnight, which could create slick conditions for the Monday morning commute. Drivers should be prepared for icy patches, and there’s a decent chance of school bus cancellations in areas that see higher snowfall totals.

The colder air will also fire up the lake effect snow machine early next week. Model guidance suggests that an intense but narrow band of snow could form southeast of Lake Huron late Monday and continue into Tuesday. This could impact communities such as Grand Bend and London, where local snowfall totals could exceed 25 cm if the band remains stationary for an extended period.

PRECIP TYPE - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

For timing, snow is expected to begin in Deep Southwestern Ontario shortly after midnight. Around Windsor and Chatham, it may even start as rain before transitioning to snow as temperatures drop closer to dawn.

PRECIP TYPE - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

By late Sunday morning, the snow will have spread into the Golden Horseshoe, becoming heavier through the afternoon. In Eastern Ontario, snow will likely begin around Kingston early in the morning and reach the Ottawa area by midday.

hourly snowfall rates (cm) - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

The heaviest snowfall rates across the Golden Horseshoe are expected from early to mid-afternoon, with some models projecting bursts of 2 to 4 cm per hour at times before tapering off toward the evening.

PRECIP TYPE - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

For Eastern Ontario, steady snow will continue through the afternoon, peaking after dinner before easing into scattered flurries overnight. With that timing, school bus cancellations are quite possible for parts of Eastern Ontario on Monday.

There are also some indications that freezing rain or ice pellets may mix in along the international border Sunday evening. Areas such as Kingston, Brockville, and Cornwall are most at risk for this brief mix, which could add an extra layer of slickness to untreated surfaces.

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While there is still some disagreement among the models on exactly where the heaviest snow will fall, the general expectation remains 5 to 10 cm along the Golden Horseshoe and into Eastern Ontario, with some locally higher amounts near 15 cm.

We’ve outlined portions of Eastern Ontario and the higher elevations of the Niagara region on our map with a dotted zone, representing areas that could overachieve and see closer to 20 cm. However, that outcome is far from certain.

Keep in mind that this is the first significant snowfall of the season, and with ground temperatures still above freezing, actual accumulation could vary from one street to the next. Some areas may see a quick coating, while others struggle to hold the snow through the day, especially near the lakeshores.

Elsewhere, Southwestern Ontario and much of Central Ontario should see lighter amounts, generally only a few centimetres, with some localized areas possibly reaching up to 8 cm. Regions like Grey-Bruce and the northern parts of Central Ontario will likely miss out on the heaviest snow this time, but that may not last long as lake effect activity ramps up early next week.

PRECIP TYPE - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

As higher-resolution models continue to come into range, we’re getting a clearer idea of what the first snow squall event of the season could look like. Current projections suggest activity will develop on Monday, with a more organized squall forming by the evening.

This band may set up somewhere between Grand Bend and Kettle Point, extending inland, likely just west of the City of London. Additional bands may also develop off Georgian Bay, impacting areas around Meaford and Collingwood.

Communities caught under these narrow squalls could see impressive snowfall totals, while just a few kilometers away, grass may still be visible. We’ll continue to refine the details as the event approaches and will have a more specific forecast on who could see the most snow closer to Monday.

Overall, this marks the true start of the winter season across Southern Ontario, with several systems and lake effect events lining up behind this one. It’s a good time to check that your winter tires are ready, snow shovels are handy, and morning routines include a few extra minutes to clear off your car. Winter is here to stay.

What's in a Name? Choosing the Right Tires to Drive you Through Canadian Winters

Tread patterns of summer, all season and winter tires. Image courtesy of discount tire.

Now that it’s the first week of November, many Canadians are starting to think about putting winter tires on their vehicles. There have been pockets of unseasonable warmth across the country in October and with it now being the start of November, the inevitable chill of winter is in the air, and many have already seen snow fall.

While winter tires are recommended throughout the country, they are mandatory in Quebec from December 1st to March 15th, and from October 1st to April 30th on certain British Columbia highways. Additionally, studded tires are allowed almost nationwide, with the exception of residents of Southern Ontario.

Insurance companies across the country offer discounts for installing winter tires as an incentive to encourage drivers to reduce the risk of accidents. So what makes winter tires that much better in the cold and snow than summer tires and where do all season and all weather tires fit into the mix?


With the right tools, it can be pretty easy to change your own tires!

Summer Tires

Summer tires are designed to handle both wet and dry road conditions with their wide tread and soft rubber. These tires also usually have deeper grooves that improve traction on wet roads and reduce hydroplaning, making them ideal for the wet spring and summer months.

Winter Tires

Like their name suggests, winter tires have been designed for winter roads. They are made with rubber that stays flexible at temperatures below 7°C (45°F), the magic number at which other tires become stiff and lose traction, greatly reducing their performance. Furthermore, winter tires have different tread patterns that are meant to divert water and slush to the sides, as well as little slits called sipes that increase the overall grip of the tires and helping them maintain contact with icy road surfaces. Over the past several years, tire manufacturers have started to include additional small particles, like crushed glass or walnut shells, that act as little studs on the surface of the tire for extra grip.


Performance of All Season Tires vs Winter Tires with decreasing temperatures. Image courtesy of Discount Tire.

All Season & All Weather Tires

Some people argue that winter tires aren’t necessary if they have all season tires on their vehicle. Unfortunately, this is a slight misnomer because while these tires can handle a bit of cold and snow, they fail to handle heavier snowfalls that are common in Canadian winters. All season tires, unfortunately, sacrifice traction in wet conditions that would be found in summer tires and some of the flexibility and grip seen with winter tires in order for the tread to last longer. Realistically, these should be called 3 season tires as opposed to all season. So while they’re not the best option for winter driving in Canada, all season tires are definitely a better choice than regular summer tires.

All weather tires, not to be confused with all season tires, are a true year-round tire designed to handle Canadian winters. Unlike all season tires, these tires remain soft and flexible well below 7°C. The tread pattern on all weather tires is a combination of all season and winter tires, making them better suited for driving through heavier snow than all season tires. While they still don’t match the performance of a true winter tire, all weather tires are the best option for those who don’t want the hassle of swapping out their tires twice per year or simply do not have the space to store an extra set. Their versatility truly makes all weather tires a middle of the road tire (pun intended) for Canadian drivers.


The three-peak mountain snowflake symbol found on winter and all weather tires. Image courtesy of Canadian tire.

When looking for tires to get you through the winter, it is recommended to chose either a proper winter tire or an all weather tire, so long as it has the three-peak mountain and snowflake symbol on the sidewall. This is an industry standard symbol which indicates that the tire meets strict regulations for winter performance; becoming mandatory on all winter tires beginning in 2018, transitioning away from just using the M+S (Mud and Snow) designation.

Note: The author formerly received payments from “Big Tire” however, this article was not funded.


Further Reading

https://www.canadiantire.ca/en/how-to/automotive/how-to-choose-winter-tires.html

https://www.continental-tires.com/ca/en/tire-knowledge/winter-tire-laws-in-canada/

https://www.continental-tires.com/ca/en/tire-knowledge/winter-tire-markings/

https://www.discounttire.com/learn/tires-below-45

https://www.discounttire.com/learn/winter-summer-allseason

Another Brief Blast of Snow Coming to Alberta & Saskatchewan from the Second Clipper of the Week

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Hot on the heels of a Clipper that has already impacted the Prairies this week, a second one is set to develop Friday morning and continue into Saturday morning. This system, similar to the preceding one, will have precipitation falling predominantly as snow, but there will once again be rain falling along the southern boundary that will impact snowfall totals and the threat of freezing rain in the middle. The major difference, however, will be that the incoming system is expected to track further south, which will bring the heaviest snow to different parts of Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Patchy snow is expected to begin in Central Alberta during the pre-dawn hours Friday and it will quickly grow into a continuous band by the mid-to-late morning that will also start to cross into Southwest Saskatchewan. As the temperatures begin to rise through the morning, there is the greatest risk for freezing rain to fall along the southern edge in Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. By the late morning, the threat of freezing rain will diminish as the transition to rain occurs, but there will still be the slight possibility of patches of freezing rain falling along the transition line throughout the remainder of the day.

The Hrdps model showing precipitation type and intensity at 10am MT/11AM CT on Friday, courtesy of WeatherBell.

In the late morning and into the early afternoon, it is also expected that there could be some intensification within the band of snow that will lead to small areas of increased snowfall rates. Exactly where this may occur varies between models, but it is a possibility roughly from Red Deer to Swift Current.

As the leading edge of the Clipper continues pushing further eastward into Saskatchewan in the early afternoon, the snow will start to taper off in the Grande Prairie. This trend will continue through the afternoon and evening, with snow gradually tapering off, from northwest to southwest, in Alberta while spreading eastward across Southern Saskatchewan.

The Hrdps model showing precipitation type and intensity at 8pm MT/9pM CT on Friday, courtesy of WeatherBell.

While the snow is tapering off in Alberta, the low associated with the Clipper is expected to weaken over Southern Saskatchewan. This will lead to the entire system falling apart through the late evening and overnight. The snow will gradually start to spread southeastward towards the US border before fully exiting Saskatchewan by around sunrise on Saturday.

Overall, this second Clipper is expected to bring 5-10cm of wet snow across Alberta and Saskatchewan, from south of Slave Lake to the North Dakota border. As previously mentioned, there will be the possibility of some local intensification and heavier snow, but this should only bring accumulation totals closer to the 10cm and likely not above. Regardless, this will still be enough snow to impact travel, particularly along the Trans Canada Highway Friday evening, so be sure to take your time on the roads.

Southern Ontario to Plunge Into Winter as Sunday Snowstorm Could Dump Up to 20 cm of Snow

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It feels like just yesterday we were talking about record-breaking heat that stretched well into October. But November has been a completely different story, with winter now making its presence known across Southern Ontario. Those warm late-autumn days are coming back to haunt us, as the still-warm lakes are setting the stage for a series of snowy chances in the days ahead, including the lake effect snow machine coming to life.

Cold Arctic air is set to flood into the province, bringing several snowmakers with it, including a potential snowstorm on Sunday, followed by intense snow squalls early next week.

Our first system arrives on Friday, spreading across Ontario throughout the day. Southern Ontario will mainly see rain from this one, while Northern Ontario braces for a significant dumping of snow. Some areas could see close to 20 cm by Saturday.

As colder air rushes in behind this system, temperatures will plunge across Southern Ontario through Saturday night. By Sunday, much of the region will be below freezing, setting the stage for the next system expected to move in during the day Sunday. Early indications suggest that parts of Southern Ontario could see significant snowfall from this system, with totals possibly reaching up to 20 cm by Sunday night.

That said, there’s still plenty of uncertainty surrounding the exact track of the storm. A slightly more southern route could pull the heaviest snow into the Greater Toronto Area as colder air dips farther south.

PRECIP TYPE - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

The first round of precipitation will begin in Northwestern Ontario late Thursday, spreading across Northeastern and Southern Ontario by Friday morning.

RAINFALL TOTALS - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

For most of Southern Ontario, this will mean a steady rainfall, with totals around 5 to 10 mm, although localized pockets near the lakes could see closer to 15 mm.

SNOWFALL TOTALS - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

Higher elevations in Central Ontario, including Algonquin Park, could see some wet flurries mix in at times. Farther north, around Hearst, Kapuskasing, Cochrane, and Timmins, it’s all snow, with totals of 15 to 20 cm possible by Saturday morning.

TEMPS - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

Behind the system, much colder air will spill into Central Ontario overnight Friday into Saturday, dropping temperatures well below freezing. The rest of Southern Ontario will see the chill arrive soon after, with most regions seeing their daytime highs recorded just after midnight Saturday before temperatures tumble through the day.

TEMPS - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

By early Sunday morning, the cold will be firmly in place. Most areas will be below freezing, except for parts of Deep Southwestern Ontario and along the Lake Ontario shoreline where temperatures will hover just above zero.

PRECIP TYPE - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

This cold setup will pave the way for Sunday’s incoming system. Models are in disagreement about the storm’s path, which will ultimately decide who gets the heaviest snow. The American and Canadian models track the low across Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, placing the rain-snow line near the GTA.

In this scenario, areas north of the GTA, including parts of Southwestern Ontario, Lake Simcoe, and the Ottawa Valley, would see heavy snow, while the GTA experiences a mix of rain, ice pellets, and wet snow.

PRECIP TYPE - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

Even a small shift southward, as suggested by the European model, would change everything. That track takes the low through Pennsylvania and Upstate New York, shifting the heaviest snowfall into the GTA and surrounding regions, with totals over 15 cm.

SNOWFALL TOTALS - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

In this case, the snow would stretch from London through the GTA, Peterborough, and into Ottawa, while Central Ontario and Grey-Bruce see lower amounts.

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For now, most models favour the northern track, so that’s what we’re leaning toward in our preliminary forecast. But if the European solution proves right, those snowfall zones could shift south before the final forecast is issued.

Under the current setup, the heaviest snow is expected across a broad stretch of Southwestern Ontario, including the Lake Huron shoreline through Kitchener and up toward Barrie, Lindsay, and Peterborough, extending into the Ottawa Valley. These areas could see 10 to 15 cm of snow, with localized pockets near 20 cm possible.

The American NAM model is even more aggressive, suggesting up to 30 cm in some areas, though that’s likely overdone. The London area, GTA, and Eastern Ontario fall into a mixing zone, with 5 to 10 cm possible once precipitation switches to snow. Should the system shift farther south, those totals could increase.

Farther south, places like Windsor, Chatham, Sarnia, and the Niagara Region are expected to stay mostly rain, though a slushy 5 cm of snow is possible.

Snowfall will taper off by late Sunday, but the story won’t end there. Behind the storm, a strong surge of cold air over the still-warm Great Lakes will ignite a burst of lake-effect snow squalls on Monday.

The exact regions that will see the most intense squalls remain uncertain until higher-resolution models come into range, but areas downwind of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay should prepare for the potential of significant accumulations. Some communities could be digging out from 25 cm or more by early next week.

Dumping of Heavy Wet Snow Coming to Alberta & Saskatchewan from the First Clipper of the Week

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Two Clippers will bring snowfall to the Prairies this week, the first of which will develop late Wednesday afternoon and continue into late Thursday as it blasts eastward. This first system could result in the first measurable snowfall of the season for some areas, but accumulation could be limited by the mixing of rain that is expected to occur along the southern edge of the precipitation.

Snow will begin to fall around the Grande Cache area late Wednesday afternoon and quickly spread eastward across Alberta through the evening. There is a slight possibility of freezing rain along the boundary between rain and snow during the evening, but it will be short-lived. The snow will continue to fall throughout most of the day Thursday before it tapers off in the late afternoon and early evening.

The rdps model showing precipitation type and intensity at 5am, courtesy of WeatherBell.

The snow will start to move into Saskatchewan Wednesday evening and cross the province through the overnight and early morning hours Thursday. However, as the system tracks into Eastern Saskatchewan, precipitation rates are expected to decrease and will more likely fall as rain instead of snow. The precipitation will begin to taper off from west to east late Thursday afternoon, ending in Southeast Saskatchewan by midnight.

Overall, this large band of snow is expected to dump 5-10cm of wet, heavy snow across Alberta and Saskatchewan, especially along the Yellowhead Highway, from Grande Prairie, through Lloydminster and Prince Albert, to Kamsack. There is also the possibility of some local intensification that could lead to up to 15cm, particularly from High Prairie to Cold Lake. This quick accumulation could make travel in the area difficult so make sure to take your time.

The next Clipper will arrive early Friday and we will have more details Thursday.

Snowy Scare: Frightful Flurries May Haunt Parts of Southern Ontario on Halloween Night

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After a soggy start to Halloween Eve across Southern Ontario on Thursday, a strong system will cast a gloomy spell over the region with widespread rainfall. But don’t be fooled, as that’s only a taste of what Mother Nature has brewing in her cauldron for Halloween itself.

Last year, we were treated to a mild and friendly Halloween with temperatures that felt more like a trick than a treat. This year, however, it looks like Halloween will send a real shiver down your spine as temperatures drop to levels more fitting for the undead.

Rain from Thursday is expected to linger overnight and into the early hours of Friday, heavy at times, especially across Eastern Ontario. The good news is that the worst of the rainfall should clear out just in time for trick-or-treating across Southwestern Ontario and the Golden Horseshoe. Temperatures will hover around what’s normal for this time of year, ranging from the mid to upper single digits, possibly reaching the low double digits in Deep Southwestern Ontario.

But it’s as if a witch has placed a chilling curse over Central and Eastern Ontario. As the rain lingers through Friday, some areas could begin to see strange white shapes drifting through the sky and no, they aren’t ghosts! These spooky apparitions are far more real, as rain could turn to wet flurries as early as Friday afternoon. Cold air will creep in like a Halloween fog, sending temperatures tumbling toward the freezing mark by evening.

While there’s some disagreement between models (a classic case of meteorological mischief), there’s solid agreement that a wide stretch of Central Ontario may experience at least a few wet flurries on Halloween night.

Where the models differ is in timing and intensity. Some are quite aggressive, conjuring an earlier and more widespread switchover to snow that could even allow for light accumulations in higher elevations. Others show a less frightful outcome, with flurries limited to the hills and highlands later in the day as the rain fizzles out elsewhere.

PRECIP TYPE - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

As we rise on Halloween morning, rain will still be haunting much of Southern Ontario, though it will begin to taper off from west to east.

That’s where the great model split begins. For this forecast, we’re focusing on the NAM (American) and HRDPS (Canadian) models, which represent two distinct camps. The European model seems to be siding with the Canadian solution.

The American model pulls colder air into Central Ontario faster, dropping temperatures a few degrees lower than the Canadian model. It might not sound like much, but when temperatures hover near freezing, every degree counts. This could allow snow to start mixing in by early afternoon.

Areas like Algonquin Park, Haliburton, Bancroft, and northern Muskoka may see the first flurries, with the “mixing zone” spreading south through the afternoon into Muskoka, northern Simcoe County, and the Kawartha Lakes region.

PRECIP TYPE - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

The Canadian model delays the switchover until closer to dinnertime, mainly over higher elevations.

By then, the precipitation in western areas may already be fading, keeping Muskoka and Simcoe County mostly rain-soaked rather than snow-covered.

PRECIP TYPE - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

If the American model’s spookier version plays out, several hours of heavy, wet snow could fall Friday evening. While the ground is still warm, we’ve seen before that a strong enough burst of snow can briefly overcome that warmth and start to accumulate.

This model also spreads the snowy risk zone further east, even hinting at flakes creeping into the Ottawa Valley.

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The most likely areas to see actual snow include the higher elevations of Central Ontario, such as Sundridge, Huntsville, Algonquin Park, and Bancroft. These regions could even pick up a few slushy centimetres by night’s end if the stronger scenario comes true.

Elsewhere across Central Ontario, including Parry Sound, Bracebridge, Orillia, Kawartha Lakes, Tweed, and Pembroke, some wet flakes could mix in as trick-or-treaters prowl the streets. Accumulation isn’t expected here as the ground remains too warm, but it might add an extra eerie touch to the evening.

ESTIMATED PRECIP OVER LAST 3 HOURS - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

As the ghosts, goblins, and ghouls hit the streets after nightfall, Southwestern Ontario will enjoy the calmest conditions, with rain clearing out hours earlier.

Central and Eastern Ontario, however, may not be as lucky. Light rain or even a few flurries could continue into the early evening, adding some spooky atmosphere to the night.

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For the prime trick-or-treating hours, Deep Southwestern Ontario will be the mildest, with temperatures around 8 to 12°C at 8 PM. Elsewhere across the Golden Horseshoe and Eastern Ontario, temperatures will settle into the mid to upper single digits.

The chilliest readings will haunt Central Ontario, where places like Muskoka, Algonquin Park, and Bancroft may see readings near the freezing mark with flakes swirling through the air. Those heading out should make sure their costumes have a few extra layers because this Halloween, it’s not just the monsters giving people chills.

Have a Happy Halloween!

Southern Ontario Turns Chilly With a Chance of Early Season Flurries for Some Areas Friday Morning

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The feeling of change is definitely in the air across Southern Ontario this week. Fall colours are now past their peak in many areas, and a noticeable chill has taken hold across the region. The arrival of cooler air, combined with the still-warm Great Lakes, has kicked off another round of lake-effect precipitation off Lakes Erie, Ontario and Huron.

While it’s still warm enough to keep most of that precipitation as rain, the traditional “snow belt” east of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay will continue to see periods of lake-effect rain through Thursday and into Friday. Local rainfall totals of 25 to 50 mm are possible by Friday, especially east of Lake Huron.

However, not everyone will escape a touch of wintry weather this week. The latest model data suggests that temperatures could dip close to the freezing mark across parts of Central Ontario late Thursday night into early Friday morning. With some lingering showers still moving through the region, a few areas could see those showers briefly mix with wet flurries before sunrise on Friday.

The best chance to spot the first flakes of the season will be across Northern Muskoka (including Huntsville and Sundridge), Algonquin Park, Bancroft and North Bay. That said, precipitation will be very scattered, and not all of these locations will see snow. Even if flakes do fall, they won’t stick around for long as the ground remains too warm and temperatures will quickly climb above freezing later in the morning.

ESTIMATED TOTAL RAINFALL BY FRIDAY - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

For those near Lake Huron and Georgian Bay, Thursday looks to be a wet one. Bands of lake-effect rain are expected to develop overnight Wednesday and linger through the day Thursday. As is typical with lake-effect events, rainfall totals will vary greatly over short distances depending on where the bands set up.

These bands are expected to wobble around through Thursday into Friday, spreading precipitation over a broader area rather than locking in on one spot. If one of the stronger bands does remain stationary for an extended time, localized flooding could occur, particularly near Kincardine and Goderich where some models show up to 50 mm of rainfall possible by Friday.

The lake-effect setup off Georgian Bay isn’t expected to be quite as strong, but parts of Simcoe County around Collingwood, Wasaga Beach and Barrie could still see locally up to 25 to 50 mm of rain. Again, the highest amounts will be very localized.

Elsewhere across Southern Ontario, expect occasional showers Thursday with generally less than 10 mm of rain as the heaviest precipitation remains confined to areas near the lakeshores.

By Friday morning, precipitation will gradually taper off as conditions become less favourable for lake-effect activity.

ESTIMATED AIR TEMPERATURE on friday morning - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

Overnight Thursday into Friday, temperatures will drop into the low single digits across much of Southern Ontario, with some Central Ontario communities dipping to near or just below freezing.

PRECIP TYPE - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

While it’s not the first time this fall that temperatures have touched the freezing mark, what’s different this time is that lingering precipitation from both the lake-effect activity and a system over Quebec could overlap with those cold temperatures.

If any precipitation develops overnight, it could easily fall as wet flurries given the near-freezing surface temperatures and even colder air aloft that would favour snow instead of rain.

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It’s worth noting that models disagree on how much precipitation will actually be present on Friday morning. Some may be underestimating light, scattered precipitation, which means there’s a chance flakes could be seen as far south as Huntsville and Bancroft. The most likely region for these flurries remains around North Bay and Algonquin Park, where multiple models consistently show light snow.

Unless you’re up early Friday morning, you’ll likely miss the brief appearance of the season’s first flakes. Any snow that does fall will melt quickly once temperatures climb above freezing, and no travel impacts are expected.

Comparing the Loudest Weather Phenomena: Thunder, Tornadoes, Hail & Ice Quakes

we did ‘trivia time’ on our social media pages with this question and a huge thank you to all those who participated!

Comparing the Loudest Weather Phenomena

When the weather turns wild, it’s not just the winds and rain that grab our attention, the sound can be deafening! From a crackling thunderclap to the roar of a tornado, certain meteorological events push the boundaries of what our ears can handle. Below, we compare four of the loudest natural phenomena and how their peak volumes stack up.

photo credit: Brandon Morgan

Thunder: Nature’s Cannon

When lightning superheats the air, it produces a shockwave that we hear as thunder. A nearby strike can hit about 120 dB at ground level, about as loud as a rock concert or jet engine. Right near the lightning channel, sound pressure can briefly reach 165–180 dB, and rare “superbolts” may push that volume even higher. Fortunately, these extreme levels are localized; even a very strong strike a mile away typically registers in the 110–120 dB range.


PHOTO CREDIT: GREG JOHNSON TORNADOHUNTER.CA

Tornado: The Freight Train Roar

Survivors often compare a tornado’s roar to a freight train. Typical sound levels near a tornado fall in the 90–100+ dB range, loud enough to make conversation impossible. At very close range, the loudest tornadoes may reach the 120 dB neighbourhood, rivaling a thunderclap or jackhammer. Direct measurements are scarce because no one wants to place microphones in an EF5’s path, but theoretical analyses speculate that peak levels could exceed this. In practice, a violent tornado’s roar can still cause physical pain or hearing damage if you’re near it and especially if it’s destroying trees, buildings, etc.


PHOTO CREDIT: Marcel Strauß

Hail on a Metal Roof: Weather’s Drum Solo

On a calm day, rain on a metal roof is just background noise but hail can turn your home into a drum! Even small hailstones can bump the sound to 80–100 dB in an attic or shed. In extreme cases, especially when large hail combines with hurricane‑force winds, noise levels can rival thunder. A remarkable example is the 1986 Kansas/Missouri derecho, where large hail driven by 100 mph winds created a sustained roar around 120 dB, essentially as loud as a rocket engine. Baseball‑sized hail can still hit the 100+ dB range despite modern roofing and insulation.


PHOTO CREDIT: CHATGPT AI IMAGE OF WHAT A FROST QUAKE MIGHT LOOK LIKE

Ice Quake: Frost’s Explosive Secret

Also known as cryoseisms, ice quakes occur when a sudden deep freeze causes waterlogged ground to fracture. They’re unpredictable and highly localized but witnesses describe the noise as a sharp boom or explosion that can shake a house. Precise decibel measurements are rare, yet anecdotal accounts suggest they can easily exceed 100 dB, on par with a thunderclap. During the January 2014 polar vortex, numerous frost quakes around Toronto woke residents with house‑shaking blasts. While the shaking may be minor, the sound is startling and intense.


Which is the Loudest?!

All four of these weather phenomena can produce sound levels capable of causing hearing damage. Thunder regularly reaches around 120 dB and as mentioned above, superbolts may push this even higher. Tornadoes and massive hailstorms can come close to matching thunder’s intensity, especially at close range. Ice quakes aren’t as well-documented but the explosive nature of frost cracking suggests similar levels. Only extreme events like volcanic eruptions or meteor impacts significantly exceed these volumes. Regardless of the source, any sustained sound above 85 dB can harm your hearing over time.

In summary:

• Thunder: 110‑120 dB from a mile away; near the lightning can reach 165‑180 dB and superbolts may be higher.

• Tornadoes: Typically in the 90‑100+ dB range; violent tornadoes may approach 120 dB.

• Hail on a metal roof: Small hail can be 80‑100 dB; large hail plus ~100 mph winds can roar around 120 dB.

• Ice quakes: Unpredictable frost quakes with booms that witnesses estimate above 100 dB.


And the winner is…

The winner, based on the available data and estimated volumes by experts; thunder from a superbolt lightning strike!

To help confirm our research, we spoke with our friend Dr. Dave Sills, Director of the Northern Tornadoes Project (NTP) and he agrees that the winner is likely a superbolt lightning strike, which has the potential to reach volume levels in excess of 180db. Ouch!


Sources:

STORMY SUNDAY: Parts of Ontario Could Experience Damaging Wind Gusts & Flooding Risk This Weekend

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Environment Canada has released its latest medium range forecast, highlighting the potential for 70-90km/h damaging wind gusts across Southwestern Ontario, the Niagara regions and western GTHA regions on Sunday, October 19th, 2025.

They also mention a rainfall risk for Northeastern Ontario with the potential for 30-60mm of accumulation that could cause isolated flooding.

If this trend continues towards the weekend, it’s certainly possible that the ‘minor’ risk will be increased to a ‘moderate’ risk but seeing as we’re still four days out, it makes sense that Environment Canada is keeping the risk at the minor level.

Environment Canada does have a specific explanation for minor risks and it is: “This weather event is potentially significant or of interest. Users should stay informed.”

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💨 Southern Ontario

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Environment Canada writes in their forecast for Southern Ontario:

“Strong southwesterly winds with gusts of 70 to 90 km/h are likely for areas near Lake Erie and portions of southwestern Ontario. Winds will shift to northwesterly with the passage of a cold front late in the day, with gusts up to 90 km/h possible. Confidence is low regarding the timing and strength of winds expected.”

They also break down the risks:

Hazard(s): Wind

Location: Southwestern Ontario and western portions of the Greater Golden Horseshoe.

Timing: Sunday

Impact(s): Broken tree branches and downed trees. Power outages likely.

Confidence: Low (1 out of 4)

Impact: Moderate (2 out of 4)


🌧️Northeastern Ontario

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Here are Environment Canada’s details for the rainfall risk in Northeastern Ontario:

”Significant rainfall is expected, with rainfall amounts of 30 to 60 mm likely. Confidence is low regarding the exact location of heaviest rainfall at this time.”

They also break down the risks:

Hazard(s): Rain

Location: Portions of northeastern Ontario.

Timing: Sunday

Impact(s): Possible flooding in low-lying areas.

Confidence: Low (1 out of 4)

Impact: Moderate (2 out of 4)


🔎 Staying Safe and Prepared

As we move towards the winter months, it’s critical to stay informed! To keep a close eye on our latest forecasts and get notified of any alerts, download our free app Instant Weather, available on Apple and Android devices.

Take a moment to secure any loose outdoor items before the storms arrive. Things like patio furniture, trampolines, and garbage cans can become projectiles in strong winds.

If you're planning to be on the roads, be prepared for challenging driving conditions such as sudden downpours, significantly reduced visibility, and the possibility of water pooling on roadways, especially in areas expecting heavier rainfall.

Stay safe everyone and if it’s safe to do so, share your reports with half a million community members on our Facebook group called Ontario Storm Reports!


Disclaimer: These forecasts are issued by Environment Canada and typically published via their Twitter/X accounts. We receive these forecast via a daily email and often publish them to help inform our communities.

Autumn’s Grand Finale: Ontario Hits Peak Fall Colours This Thanksgiving Weekend

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If you’re spending the Thanksgiving Weekend in Ontario, you’re in for a treat as the fall colours are now peaking across much of the province! From Central Ontario to the Niagara Escarpment and parts of Southwestern Ontario, this weekend will showcase some of the best fall scenery of the season.

Over the past week, colour change has surged in many areas across Central, Eastern, and Southwestern Ontario, bringing that classic explosion of red, orange, and gold to the forests. For many regions, this weekend marks the perfect time to take a drive, hike, or just relax outdoors surrounded by nature’s best display.

Parks like Forks of the Credit, MacGregor Point, Sauble Falls, The Massasauga, Frontenac, and Murphys Point are all sitting at or near peak colour levels, with coverage between 70 and 90 percent. These areas are glowing with rich maple tones, offering stunning backdrops for family gatherings and Thanksgiving photos.


Check out our new fall colour park dashboard that lets you track the fall colour change for each provincial park!

FALL COLOUR PARK TRACKER

However, farther north, the colours are starting to fade. Northern sections of Central Ontario, including Algonquin, Arrowhead, and Bonnechere has reached their peak several weeks ago, and the recent rain on Friday has accelerated leaf drop in those regions.

In fact, Mikisew Provincial Park has become the first location to officially move out of peak season, with around 80 percent leaf fall now reported. Many of these northern parks are still worth visiting, but visitors can expect more bare branches mixed with patches of remaining colour.

The transition southward is now well underway, with vibrant hues starting to spread into the Golden Horseshoe and Lake Erie shoreline regions. Bronte Creek, Turkey Point, and Point Farms are now showing brilliant orange and yellow tones, while Rondeau and Wheatley continue to progress slowly, likely about one to two weeks away from their peak.

For those in the GTA, Niagara, and Prince Edward County, this weekend should deliver plenty of colour and comfortable weather for outdoor plans.

THANKSGIVING WEEKEND WEATHER FORECAST

The good news is that the Thanksgiving Weekend forecast looks mostly favourable for outdoor activities; however, there will be a few areas of rain to work around.

ESTIMATED TOTAL RAINFALL ON SATURDAY - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

Saturday will start off on a cloudy and damp note for many, especially across Central Ontario and portions of the GTA. Some scattered precipitation is expected during the morning and early afternoon hours, with the chance for locally heavier pockets of rain near the northern shores of Lake Ontario, between Toronto and Cobourg. Rainfall amounts could reach 10 to 15 mm in those localized zones.

Don’t let that discourage your plans, though, as the rain will be scattered and not persistent, and most areas should begin to dry out later in the day. By Saturday afternoon and evening, conditions will improve across Southern Ontario, while some lingering showers may persist just north of Lake Ontario.

Sunday looks to be the best day of the long weekend. Forecast models show mostly dry and mild weather, perfect for any outdoor Thanksgiving plans or fall colour tours. A few isolated showers could develop in Niagara or Far Eastern Ontario, but these should be brief and light.

ESTIMATED AIR TEMPERATURE on SATURDAY - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

After a cool and damp Friday, temperatures on Saturday will hover right around seasonal values, with daytime highs in the low to mid-teens. Which is about what you’d expect for early to mid-October. It’ll feel crisp, but not unpleasant, especially once the rain clears.

ESTIMATED AIR TEMPERATURE on sunday - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

On Sunday, slightly warmer air returns. Temperatures will rise into the upper teens, with some areas possibly touching 20°C or a bit higher in parts of Southwestern Ontario. It’ll be a comfortable, mild day overall, great for hiking, apple picking, or those traditional family dinners outside if you’re lucky enough to have a sunny patio.

Monday, Thanksgiving Day itself, should feature similar conditions to Sunday with a mix of sun and clouds, and daytime highs again in the upper teens or low twenties.

FINAL THOUGHTS

This Thanksgiving Weekend will likely offer one of the most colourful backdrops in recent memory across much of Southern Ontario. With so many regions now at or near their fall colour peak, and comfortable weather expected through much of the weekend, it’s the perfect time to get outdoors and soak in the season.

If you’re heading north, expect a more subdued scene with leaves already past peak. But if you’re staying closer to home in the GTA, Niagara, or Southwestern Ontario, you’re right on time to experience the full brilliance of Ontario’s fall foliage.

Grab your camera, take a drive down a country road, or plan a hike through one of Ontario’s provincial parks. The combination of crisp air, golden forests, and warm afternoon sun makes this Thanksgiving one to remember.

Enjoy the beauty, and Happy Thanksgiving from all of us at Instant Weather!

Developing Snowstorm Sets its Sights on Parts of Saskatchewan and Manitoba

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A moisture-loaded system coming up from the south late this weekend will collide with a cold front dropping in from the north. This setup is expected to bring the first true taste of winter to parts of Saskatchewan and Manitoba.

Rain will arrive first on Sunday as warmer air briefly moves in. As the cold front pushes through, temperatures will begin to fall and pockets of wet snow are expected to start forming in central Saskatchewan by late Sunday morning. Through the afternoon and evening, this snow will spread eastward and become more widespread.

The ground is still relatively warm for mid-October, so the first flakes will likely melt on contact. Once snowfall rates increase, the snow will start to stick, especially on grassy areas, vehicles, decks, and untreated road surfaces. Since the system begins as rain and may end as rain in some areas, exact snowfall totals are tricky to pinpoint. Even so, some parts of Saskatchewan could see as much as 10 cm by Sunday night where the snow is heavier and more consistent.

Northern Manitoba has a better chance at seeing more impactful snowfall. Snow is expected to move in Sunday evening and continue through Monday afternoon. In the higher-impact zone shown on the forecast map, up to 20 cm of wet, accumulating snow is possible if temperatures stay cold enough. Areas just outside the main zone may still see flakes mixing in with rain, especially overnight when temperatures briefly drop near or just below freezing.

euro model data showing significant wind gust potential in central Manitoba

Winds will also be a big part of this system. Gusts will begin increasing Sunday afternoon and peak overnight. The Euro model is showing extreme gust potential over 150 km/h in one of its runs, which is likely overdone. However, gusts in the 90 to 100 km/h range are possible and much more realistic, especially across Southern and Eastern Manitoba. These strong winds, combined with wet snow or heavy rain could lead to poor visibility, messy travel and slushy, wind-driven road conditions.

This is a classic early-season system where small temperature changes will make a big difference. Some areas may just see cold rain, while others could see a surprising amount of wet snow in a short time. Conditions may change quickly through Sunday and Monday, with a true November-like feel even though it is only mid-October.

We will continue to update this forecast as new data comes in and the system approaches!

Get Your Shovels Ready: Ontario's Snowbelt Could Be Buried Again This Winter

Satellite image from GOES-16 shows lake effect snow coming off the Great Lakes on February 29th, 2024. Courtesy of CSU/CIRA & NOAA.

The summer of 2025 was a hot one in Southern Ontario, in which we saw high temperature records consistently broken throughout the region. This trend has continued into October, with temperatures surpassing 30°C in parts of Southwestern and Eastern Ontario during the first weekend of the month.

Despite the fact that we’re gradually moving into the coldest part of the year, the heat from the summer and fall will continue to impact local weather conditions this winter. This will be particularly evident as lake effect snow, a phenomenon that occurs every year in the late fall and early winter in Southern Ontario.

The two main ingredients necessary for the development of lake effect snow are a large unfrozen body of water and a very cold air mass. The air mass needs to be at least 13°C colder at the 850mb pressure level of the atmosphere (this is typically found at around 1500 metres) than the temperature of the surface of the water. Once this threshold is reached, it’s like a switch being flipped and the lake effect snow machine starts.

There is more to the development of lake effect snow than just cold air and an open body of water. Another key component in lake effect snow development is moisture. Ideally, the relative humidity at the surface needs to be at least 80% for lake effect snow to form and levels below 70% could actually inhibit development. It can usually be assumed that the lake itself can provide enough moisture, but this is not always true. There also needs to be limited wind shear with height between the surface and the 700mb pressure level so that the moisture is more focused, sort of like a hose. The strongest, most organized bands of lake effect snow develop when the wind shear is less than 30°.

Finally is the concept known as “fetch”, which is the distance that the air mass travels over the lake. Fetch needs to be at least 100km in order for lake effect snow to develop and the greater the fetch, the more snow is produced. When considering prevailing wind directions, the traditional snowbelts are found in areas that are downwind of the greatest possible fetch over the Great Lakes, i.e. Buffalo and the entire length of Lake Erie.

The creation of lake Effect Snow. Courtesy of Environment Canada.

As the cold air mass travels over the much warmer surface of the lake, the warmth and moisture from the surface is transferred into the lower atmosphere. The warmer, moister air rises and it eventually cools and condenses, forming narrow bands of clouds. These clouds continue to travel over the open lake, gathering even more moisture, until they eventually reach land and the snow starts to fall at rates that can easily exceed 5cm per hour and could even be as high as 20cm per hour! It’s important to note that the hardest hit areas are actually not found immediately at the shoreline, but rather 30-50km inland from the lake.

The direction of the winds dictates which areas are hit by the lake effect snow so as long as the ideal conditions continue, so too will the development and subsequent falling of lake effect snow. This could lead to several days of heavy snow hitting the same area while there are sunny skies less than 20km away. A slight shift in wind direction can quickly change which area gets hit and that makes lake effect snow notoriously tough to forecast. In Southern Ontario, lake effect snow typically hits areas to the east of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay, but it can also impact communities to the north of both Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

Surface Temperature of Lake Huron throughout 2025 plotted with the 30 year average. Courtesy of NOAA CoastWatch.

So how does a hotter-than-average summer impact lake effect snow? To put it simply, a warmer summer leads to warmer lakes. Looking at Lake Huron, the main source of lake effect snow in Southern Ontario, the surface water temperature is approximately 2°C warmer than the 30 year average.

One of the important properties of water is its high heat capacity, which means that lakes heat and cool slower than the surrounding land. The warmer lakes will take longer to freeze, meaning that the lake effect snow machine can run even longer.

The current surface temperatures across the Great Lakes are very similar to last year at the same time. Many will remember last fall when the Muskoka Region was buried after several days of intense lake effect snow, trapping people in their homes and cars after the highways were closed.

This trend continued through most of the winter due to large expanses of open water remaining present in the Lakes. This was particularly the case in Bruce, Grey, and Huron Counties, where consistent lake effect snow resulted in massive snow piles and drifts that were up to 12 feet tall! The amount of snow also had an effect on local schools, with more than 30 snow days announced for students of some school boards.

Surface temperatures of the Great Lakes as of October 7th, 2025. Courtesy of Noaa Coastwatch.

Surface temperatures of the Great Lakes as of October 6th, 2024. Courtesy of NOAA Coastwatch.

While it is still too early to predict exactly how much snow will fall and where over the coming months, it is looking likely that we can expect a considerable amount of lake effect snow like last year.

Fall Colours Reaching Their Peak Just in Time for Thanksgiving Weekend for Much of Southern Ontario

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It’s shaping up to be a picture-perfect Thanksgiving Weekend across Ontario, and nature is putting on one last spectacular show before winter sets in. Across much of the province, the fall colours are now reaching their peak, just in time for the long weekend and this year’s display is one you won’t want to miss.

If you’ve been waiting for the ideal time to hit the road for a scenic fall drive, this is it. Central and Eastern Ontario are bursting with colour right now, with brilliant reds, oranges and yellows covering the forests from Muskoka to the Ottawa Valley.


Check out our new fall colour park dashboard that lets you track the fall colour change for each provincial park!

FALL COLOUR PARK TRACKER

Parks such as Algonquin, Arrowhead, Bonnechere, The Massasauga, Silent Lake, and Bon Echo are all reporting colour change at or above 70 percent. The rich mix of maples and birches is producing a stunning contrast that paints the landscape with fiery autumn tones. For many areas, this is the absolute peak which is that magical window when most trees are fully changed but still hold plenty of leaves.

However, that window is short-lived. Some parks are now reporting more than 50 percent leaf fall, meaning these vibrant views won’t last much longer. If you’re planning a trip to Algonquin or other northern parks, this weekend could be your last chance to experience the full canopy before winds and cooler nights strip the trees bare.

Even with the ongoing leaf fall, the colour coverage across Central and Eastern Ontario remains exceptional. Parks including Frontenac, Voyageur, and Mikisew are glowing with late-season golds and deep reds, offering some of the best hiking conditions of the year. Clear skies and mild temperatures will make it easy to spend the whole day exploring the great outdoors.

While the north is beginning its gradual slide past peak, Southern Ontario is just getting started. From the Niagara Escarpment to the Lake Huron shoreline, and stretching east through Prince Edward County and the GTA, colour change is advancing quickly. Many of these regions are now sitting between 40 and 60 percent colour change, which means peak fall colour conditions are expected to line up perfectly with Thanksgiving Weekend.

That’s welcome news for anyone planning outdoor gatherings or day trips over the long weekend. Whether it’s a drive through the Dundas Valley, a picnic at Forks of the Credit, or a stroll through Rondeau or Bronte Creek, the next few days should feature stunning scenery and warm sunshine.

ESTIMATED AIR TEMPERATURE on sunday - MAP FROM WEATHERBELL

The latest high-resolution model data even suggests we’re in for another burst of summer-like warmth across Southern Ontario. On Sunday, temperatures are forecast to climb into the mid to upper twenties, with some inland areas possibly reaching the 30°C mark.

It’s a rare treat for early October and more like something out of August than Thanksgiving Weekend. For those closer to the lakeshores, expect slightly cooler highs in the lower twenties thanks to the lake breeze. Still, it’ll be a gorgeous day for a fall road trip, with plenty of sunshine and mild winds making for ideal driving conditions.

The warm weather will also help extend the life of the remaining leaves, giving the region a few extra days of brilliant colour before cooler air and rain return later next week. So if you’ve been putting off that annual fall colour tour, now’s your moment.

For the best viewing experience this weekend, head toward higher elevations in Central and Eastern Ontario, where the mix of tree species and cooler nights has created the most vibrant hues. Algonquin Provincial Park remains the top spot for photographers and nature lovers alike, with Arrowhead, Bonnechere, and Silent Lake close behind.

Those staying closer to home in Southern Ontario will still be rewarded with spectacular views. The rolling hills around Caledon, Mono Cliffs, and Hockley Valley are quickly transforming into a patchwork of gold and crimson. In Niagara, the escarpment trails and vineyards are beginning to glow, creating a perfect backdrop for Thanksgiving festivities.

Don’t forget about Prince Edward County, where fall colours are blending beautifully with the region’s scenic farmland and wineries. Areas like Sandbanks and Presqu’ile are starting to see that golden shift as maples and oaks catch up to their northern cousins.

As always, timing is everything when it comes to fall colour chasing. While many areas will look their best this weekend, winds or rain later in the week could quickly thin out the foliage. Keep an eye on local forecasts if you’re planning to travel, and be ready to head out early in the morning for the best light and least crowded parks.

So charge up your camera, roll down the windows, and take in every view, because before long, those vibrant trees will trade their fiery tones for the bare branches of late fall. Enjoy the show while it lasts, and have a wonderful Thanksgiving Weekend surrounded by the best of Ontario’s autumn beauty.

GROUNDBREAKING: AI Satellite Tool Detects Five New Tornadoes in Ontario

Before-and-after satellite images with the tornado’s damage path highlighted in red

The Northern Tornadoes Project (NTP) out of Western University has a clear mission: detect every tornado across Canada. However, due to Canada’s enormous size and extensive forest cover, tornado damage often happens in remote areas far from communities, where it may go unreported.

To find these undocumented tornadoes, researchers previously conducted endless hours of manual reviews of high‑resolution satellite images. In 2024, they combed through over 3.2 million km² of forested land, an effort that took roughly 300 person-hours. At present, NTP researchers need several months to finish this work as visual fatigue sets in after just 3-4 hours of scanning.

To accelerate the search, NTP researcher Daniel Butt, a PhD candidate in software engineering, developed an AI assisted satellite review tool. The system compares pairs of satellite images taken one year apart (Planet Labs August imagery) and uses machine learning to flag areas where trees have been damaged in a way consistent with tornadoes or downbursts.

Diagram of a convolutional neural network model used to predict patches of tree damage.


First batch of Tornadoes:

A bit of history: these five newly confirmed NTP tornadoes mark the first cases identified using AI-assisted satellite scans of tree damage in forested regions. The tool was first tested in Northern Ontario, east of Lake Superior, where its findings were then manually confirmed and documented. Four of the tornadoes (one rated EF2) occurred on July 28, 2025, and the fifth on August 16, 2025.

Event summaries, a regional map, and satellite imagery highlighting the detected tree damage are included below.

Date: July 28, 2025 – 1:25 AM
Location: Whitefish Lake, ON (south of White River)
Rating: EF2
Details: Winds near 190 km/h. Track about 9.5 km long and up to 670 m wide.

Date: July 28, 2025 – 1:35 AM
Location: McMaster Lake, ON (south of White River)
Rating: EF1
Details: Winds up to 145 km/h. Track about 4.8 km long and 510 m wide.

Date: July 28, 2025 – 3:45 AM
Location: Hellyer Lake, ON (northeast of Chapleau)
Rating: EF1
Details: Winds up to 145 km/h. Track about 7.2 km long and 350 m wide. Same storm also spawned the Oscar Lake tornado.

Date: July 28, 2025 – 3:55 AM
Location: Ridley Lake, ON (northeast of Chapleau)
Rating: EF1
Details: Winds near 145 km/h. Track about 4 km long and 250 m wide.

Date: August 16, 2025 – 8:50 PM
Location: Abbott Lake, ON (northwest of Sudbury)
Rating: EF1
Details: Winds near 145 km/h. Track about 5 km long and 350 m wide.

A regional map highlighting the five newly confirmed tornado locations identified using AI-assisted satellite review.

Key steps in the process include:

- Acquiring images: Obtain two sets of late‑summer satellite images over the same area, one year apart, from Planet Labs.

- Filter out noise: Use Government of Canada land‑cover maps to exclude non‑forested zones and Planet Labs’ cloud-masks to remove clouds from the imagery.

- Compare the difference: Analyze the red band of the “before” and “after” images to highlight where vegetation has changed.

- Run the model: Feed 32 × 32 pixel patches into a convolutional neural network trained to recognize tornado or downburst damage.

- Review flagged areas: Only review areas with a high probability of damage, dramatically reducing the time needed for manual scanning.

Before-and-after satellite images (Planet Labs, 4.7 m) of the Lac Pedro tornado. The “difference” image highlights changes caused by the storm, and the AI prediction shows areas where tree damage is most likely.

Early tests of this proof‑of‑concept tool have already revealed many potential tornado tracks across Canada that were missed by manual searches. NTP scientists are now verifying these candidates in the field and refining the model to reduce false alarms.

Screenshot of the satellite search software. Red highlighted areas show where the model detected significant tree damage with high confidence.

This AI assisted approach promises to help NTP achieve its goal of mapping every tornado, even those hidden in Canada’s vast forests. By automating much of the search, researchers can focus their efforts on the most promising locations and respond to severe weather reports more quickly.

Severe Thunderstorms Possible for Manitoba Thursday, But Risk Remains Questionable

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The southern half of Manitoba, particularly in the southeast, could see some severe thunderstorms today when a cold front tracks through the region. However, in typical Manitoba fashion, whether storms end up even developing today is very questionable.

The cold front will begin to move through Southern Manitoba early this afternoon and it should reach the Winnipeg area around the late afternoon or early evening hours. Normally, a cold front is more than enough to trigger severe thunderstorms, but the issue is that there is expected to be a significant amount of capping in the atmosphere today, which would greatly inhibit thunderstorm development.

Due to this capping, there is considerable disagreement between weather models regarding when and where thunderstorms could end up forming today. There are those that show storms initiating in Southern Manitoba beginning in the late afternoon, while other models have storm development beginning much later, once the cold front has crossed into Northern Ontario. To cover this range in possibilities, our forecast has a Slight risk from the Red River Valley to the Ontario border.

The hrdps model showing thunderstorms to the south and east of lake Winnipeg at 6pm CT, courtesy of WeatherBell.

If storms end up developing in Manitoba later today, they will likely start off as isolated supercell thunderstorms along the front that should then quickly merge into a line of storms that continues tracking eastward. These could end up being quite strong storms, especially since the same cold front triggered strong severe thunderstorms in Central Saskatchewan yesterday which produced some very damaging winds, large hail, and even a few tornado warnings.

The risks in Manitoba today are much the same if the storms end up developing here: very strong wind gusts that could be well in excess of 100km/h, hail up to the size of tennis balls, and torrential downpours that could lead to localized flooding. There is also the possibility of an isolated tornado, especially closer to the Ontario border.

We will be keeping an eye on how the situation unfolds today and if storms end up forming within the province later today, we will provide updates and probably livestream.

Strong Severe Thunderstorms with Tornado Threat Possible in Central Alberta and Saskatchewan Throughout the Day & Overnight

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There is a widespread chance for thunderstorms across Alberta and Saskatchewan today, with particularly strong storms also possible in parts of both provinces. A low pressure system has been developing in the Foothills this morning and is expected to track eastward into Saskatchewan by the mid to late afternoon. The warm and cold fronts associated with this low will be the trigger behind today’s thunderstorm development.

We’ve already begun to see some weak storms moving through parts of Central Alberta and additional isolated thunderstorms should begin to develop in the early to mid afternoon through the Foothills around Calgary and southward. Together, these storms are expected cross Alberta and into Saskatchewan through the remainder of the afternoon and evening. The thunderstorms are then anticipated to continue crossing Central Saskatchewan through the evening and into the overnight hours, before they finally begin to taper off.

Despite the storms expected to be isolated throughout the day, the risk is widespread because it has been difficult to pin down exactly where the storms will impact. There is also the possibility of some capping, which could limit thunderstorm development from even occurring.

Today’s storms, if and when they develop, could easily strengthen to become strong supercell thunderstorms, which could have the potential to produce damaging winds in excess of 100km/h, hail as large as golf balls, and heavy downpours that may lead to localized flooding. The risk of these storms stretches from Calgary to Wynard, SK, however, we have highlighted an area where the strongest of today’s storms could possible hit.

This area covers parts of East Central Alberta and West Central Saskatchewan, from Wainwright, AB to Warman, SK and including Saskatoon, and is the bullseye for the greatest severe weather threat this afternoon and evening. Severe thunderstorms that impact this region could possibly produce destructive wind gusts well in excess of 100km/h, as well as hail that could be as large as tennis balls and even heavier rain with an increased chance of flooding. This area could also end up seeing a tornado or two touch down.

We will be keeping a close eye on the situation throughout the day and we will likely be livestreaming later, once the thunderstorms have developed and strengthened.

Widespread Severe Thunderstorm Threat Across the Prairies Friday into Saturday, Tornado Risk in All Three Provinces

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The same system that brought some severe thunderstorms to Central and Northern Alberta yesterday, albeit much weaker than originally anticipated, could once again trigger severe thunderstorms today. This time, however, we’re looking at two distinct areas across the Prairies where severe thunderstorms could impact.

The first area of concern is across the southern half of Manitoba and in Eastern Saskatchewan, along the provincial border.

Isolated thunderstorms could start to develop along Saskatchewan-Manitoba border, especially in the area from Hudson Bay to Cumberland House, around the lunch hour. These storms should then track eastward into Manitoba fairly quickly and they could become severe while still in Saskatchewan. If the storms remain sub-severe as the enter Manitoba, it’s very likely that they will still strengthen to become severe as they continue eastward throughout the afternoon and evening.

Additional thunderstorm development could continue southwestward, back into Southeast Saskatchewan, throughout the afternoon. These storms are also expected to track eastward across Manitoba through the evening and overnight, leading to the widespread severe risk.

It’s worth noting that thunderstorm development throughout this entire area is slightly questionable. The environment will be primed with heat, moisture and instability, but there’s the possibility that capping in the atmosphere will prevent them from even forming in the first place. If this cap breaks, however, we could be looking at some explosive thunderstorm development.

Any storms that do develop will likely have the potential to produce golf ball-sized hail or larger, damaging wind wind gusts in excess of 100km/h, and heavy downpours that could lead to some localized flooding. There is also the risk of a tornado forming from storms that could move through Southwestern Manitoba and into the Interlake and Red River Valley in the evening. It’s possible that the tornado risk could extend into Winnipeg, but there is some uncertainty with how far east it goes.

Simulated radar from the HRRR model shows the possible location of storms at 5pm CT, courtesy of Weather Bell.

Meanwhile, there will also be the risk for severe thunderstorms to form in Southern Alberta, along the cold front that continues to push southward through the province.

Scattered thunderstorms could start to develop as early as the mid afternoon throughout the Foothills, mostly to the south of Red Deer. While some of the storms that could develop may become severe, those that develop from Airdrie to Claresholm will be the ones worth watching today.

It’s not until a bit later in the afternoon and into the evening that this area could see the development of thunderstorms. These particular storms will likely strengthen quickly into strong, long-track supercell thunderstorms that will travel eastward across Southern Alberta through the evening. It’s entirely possible that these supercell thunderstorms could maintain their strength through the evening and overnight as they push deep into Saskatchewan, possibly reaching as far east as Moose Jaw, and maybe even into Regina, in the early morning hours.

The threat from the severe storms in Alberta and into Saskatchewan today is very similar to yesterday, with the potential for golf ball-sized hail, damaging wind gusts in excess of 100km/h, heavy downpours that could lead to localized flooding, and even the possibility of a tornado. However, considering that yesterday’s High Risk from Environment Canada and expectations from weather models didn’t quite materialize, we’ve opted to go with a Slight Risk for Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan today. However, the possibility is still there for strong storms to develop so be mindful of any Watches or Warnings that may be issued.